![]() The first road vehicle powered by a hydrogen fuel cell was the Chevrolet Electrovan, introduced by General Motors in 1966. The Honda Clarity was produced from 2016 to 2021. In Britain, the Reaction Engines A2 has been proposed to use the thermodynamic properties of liquid hydrogen to achieve very high speed, long distance (antipodal) flight by burning it in a precooled jet engine.Īs of 2021, there are two hydrogen cars publicly available in select markets: the Toyota Mirai and the Hyundai Nexo. In July 2010, Boeing unveiled its hydrogen-powered Phantom Eye UAV, powered by two Ford internal-combustion engines that have been converted to run on hydrogen. For large passenger aeroplanes, The Times reported that "Boeing said that hydrogen fuel cells were unlikely to power the engines of large passenger jet aeroplanes but could be used as backup or auxiliary power units onboard." Uncrewed hydrogen planes have also been tested. In February 2008 Boeing tested a crewed flight of a small aircraft powered by a hydrogen fuel cell. The Boeing Fuel Cell Demonstrator powered by a hydrogen fuel cellĬompanies such as Boeing, Lange Aviation, and the German Aerospace Center pursue hydrogen as fuel for crewed and uncrewed aeroplanes. Vehicles running on hydrogen technology benefit from a long range on a single refuelling, but are subject to several drawbacks: high carbon emissions when hydrogen is produced from natural gas, capital cost burden, low energy content per unit volume at ambient conditions, production and compression of hydrogen, the investment required to build refuelling infrastructure around the world to dispense hydrogen, and transportation of hydrogen. Various technologies are being developed that aim to deliver costs low enough, and quantities great enough, to compete with hydrogen production using natural gas. It can be produced by electrolysis of water, or by thermochemical or pyrolytic means using renewable feedstocks, but the processes are currently expensive. Īs of 2019, 98% of hydrogen is produced by steam methane reforming, which emits carbon dioxide. Hydrogen aircraft are not expected to carry many passengers long haul before the 2030s at the earliest. Īs of 2021, there are two models of hydrogen cars publicly available in select markets: the Toyota Mirai (2014–), which is the world's first mass-produced dedicated fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV), and the Hyundai Nexo (2018–). Power is generated by converting the chemical energy of hydrogen to mechanical energy, either by reacting hydrogen with oxygen in a fuel cell to power electric motors or, less commonly, by burning hydrogen in an internal combustion engine. Hydrogen vehicles include hydrogen-fueled space rockets, as well as ships and aircraft. Ī hydrogen vehicle is a vehicle that uses hydrogen fuel for motive power. ![]() ![]() The Mirai is based on the Toyota fuel cell vehicle (FCV) concept car (shown). The 2015 Toyota Mirai is the world's first mass-produced and commercially marketed dedicated hydrogen fuel cell vehicles that is not a modification of an existing model.
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